Yearly Archives: 2019

Used To Be Wild Flowers

Tulips (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

We often forget that garden flowers were originally wildflowers. This is easy to do with tulips because they look so perfect and don’t match any of our wildflowers.

Tulips (Tulipa sp.) are members of the Lily family (Liliaceae) originally from southern Europe and Central Asia. Their nearest relatives are three wildflower genera, shown in the slideshow below.

  • Erythronium: The leaves are the right shape but the flower faces down. This is the genus of our trout lilies.
  • Amana: The flower looks like a tiny white tulip but the leaves are too narrow.
  • Gagea: This mostly Asian genus has thin leaves and more open flowers, least like a tulip.
  • Erythronium caucasicum, native to central Caucasus and North Iran (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

None of the tulips’ wild relatives look exactly like a tulip because they’ve been cultivated and crossbred since the 10th century in Persia. In the 1500s, Europeans visiting the Ottoman Empire saw garden tulips and were so impressed that they brought them home. Everyone fell in love with them.

By the 1600s tulips were a luxury item, The Netherlands was the main tulip-producing nation, and the most prized tulips were those with a color “break” of two or more colors, often striped as shown below. (Ironically the “break” was caused by a virus that damaged the tulip.)

The Semper Augustus Tulip, the most expensive tulip sold during Tulip Mania (image from Wikimedia Commons)

In the 1630s the Netherlands developed a futures market on tulip bulbs and set the stage for Tulip Mania, a period of wild speculation in 1636-1637. At the height of Tulip Mania the top price paid for a coveted tulip rose to 10 times the annual income of a skilled craftsman. It’s hard to translate that into today’s dollars, but my guess is $500,000 to $1 million for a single tulip bulb.

The mania ended abruptly when the market collapsed in February 1637.

Tulips went back to the garden and eventually escaped to the wild in western Europe. After all, they used to be wild flowers.

This 7-minute video is a good explanation of Tulip Mania.

(photos and chart from Wikimedia Commons. Click on the captions to see the originals)

Peregrine Watchers Needed Downtown!

Watchers needed at this site (photo by Kate St. John)

UPDATE ON 22 MAY 2019: On May 20 Lori Maggio got a photo of the chicks and Art McMorris was able to age them so the Call To Action below is no longer desperate. Stop by if you get a chance and you might get a great photo of peregrines.


Can you spare five minutes to look at the back of a building in Downtown Pittsburgh?

This year’s peregrine nest is again at Third Avenue, only 12 stories high. The location is so low that on first flight, a few of the chicks always land on the street and have to be placed on the Rescue Porch to start over.  I’d like to schedule a Downtown Fledge Watch to help these youngsters, but I don’t know when they’ll reach the Fledge Watch stage. That’s where you come in.

Several days before young peregrines fly, they appear at the nest opening (location of yellow arrow).

It only takes five minutes — with binoculars or camera — to stop by the Third Avenue sidewalk at the edge of the Carlyle parking lot and look up at the nest opening.  Is there a juvenile there? If so, leave a comment on this blog.  Please take a picture. I’ll get an expert to look at your photo and tell us the age of the chicks.

What to look for: Juveniles are brown-and-cream-colored birds like the ones in this closeup from 2016. When they first appear, they’ll have downy white fuzz clinging to them.

Two peregrine chicks at Third Avenue nest, 1 June 2016 (photo by Lori Maggio)

Don’t confuse them with their parents. The adults are sleek charcoal gray and white, like this.

Dori at the Third Ave nest, 3 March 2017 (photo by Lori Maggio)
Dori at the Third Ave nest, 3 March 2017 (photo by Lori Maggio)

There’s no need to linger.  All it takes is five minutes. Let me know what you see.

(photo of Third Avenue site by Kate St. John. photos of Downtown peregrines by Lori Maggio)

Two Male Chicks Banded at Pitt

  • Banding Day 2019 at the Cathedral of Learning

Yesterday morning, 14 May 2019, two male peregrine chicks were banded at the University of Pittsburgh’s Cathedral of Learning.  Here’s the story in pictures by Peter Bell with additions from John English, Kim Getz and the National Aviary falconcam.

This spring is the fourth year Hope and Terzo have nested at Pitt and the fourth year their chicks have been banded, so they knew something was about to happen when they heard the event assembling indoors.

Hope was especially vigilant and a very protective mother. She stood on the nest between her chicks and Lead Bander Dan Brauning of the PA Game Commission and would not leave! Dan had to gently brush her away before he could place the chicks in a box for safe transport.

Fortunately PGC Biologist Sam Ruano had Dan’s back while Hope flew back and forth, strafing the area just above the soft broom that Sam held up as her target (rather than their heads).

Indoors, the chicks were given health checks (both healthy), weighed to determine their sex (both male), and given two leg bands: a black/green color band that can be read from a distance, and a silver USFW band.

Dan permitted me to stick a bit of colored tape on the USFW silver bands so that observers can tell the birds apart on the falconcam and with binoculars: Red for chick#1 (C1), Yellow for chick#2 (C2). The tape will fall off within a year but we’ll find it useful in the meantime.

The chicks were returned to the nest in less than half an hour and Hope immediately came to protect them. Dan wrapped up indoors with a Q&A and showed us the unhatched egg.

The peregrines also received a lot of media attention:

Watch them on the National Aviary falconcam at Univ. of Pittsburgh.

(photos by Peter Bell, John English, Kim Getz and the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

Today Is Banding Day

Peregrine chicks at the Cathedral of Learning, 12 May 2019 (photo from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

Today, 14 May 2019, is banding day for the peregrine falcon chicks at the Cathedral of Learning. The event is closed to the public (the room has a very strict occupancy limit!) but you’ll see some of the action on camera.

The first hint will be the sound of “kakking” as Hope and Terzo react when Dan Brauning of the Pennsylvania Game Commission goes out on the ledge to retrieve the chicks.

The chicks will receive health checks and leg bands and be returned to the nest in less than half an hour.

Stay tuned for photos and an update on who’s who.

p.s. In this photo from Sunday May 12 you can see that the chicks are getting a lot to eat. The dark bulge on each chest is “dinner” stored in the crop. When the crop is full it expands so much that the skin shows between the feathers.

(photo from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ .of Pittsburgh)

Schenley Park Outing, May 19, 8:30a

Red-eyed vireo on nest (photo by Don Weiss)

Join me on Sunday May 19 at 8:30am for a bird and nature walk in Schenley Park.

Meet at the Schenley Park Cafe and Visitor Center where Panther Hollow Road meets Schenley Drive for this 8:30am to 10:30am walk. We’ll see flowers, late migrants and nesting birds. Red-eyed vireos, shown above, nest in Schenley Park. Will we see one?

Dress for the weather and wear comfortable walking shoes. Bring binoculars and field guides if you have them.

Check the Events page before you come for more information and in case of cancellation.

(photo of nesting red-eyed vireo by Don Weiss)

They Fold Their Leaves

Black locust, young leaves (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

Now that black locusts (Robinia pseudoacacia) are leafing out in Pittsburgh we can watch their leaves do exercises.

According to Wikipedia black locust leaves fold together at night and during wet weather, a trait of the Legume family called nyctinasty. I’ve often seen nyctinasty in clovers but have never noticed it in black locusts because I haven’t been paying attention. This month I plan to take a look.

It will be a good week to get close to black locusts. They’re blooming now with a sweet grape-like scent. See photos and read more about them in last year’s article: The Sweet Smell of Trees.


Make Way For Ducklings

On the morning after her eggs hatch, the mother mallard leads her ducklings to water where they’ll be safe. Unfortunately in the city there are unexpected hazards on the way.

Sometimes she walks over grates that are too open for her ducklings and they all fall in. In Phoenix, Arizona the Fire Department rescues ducklings at least once a year.

When her family is reunited Mother Mallard leads them away.

Mother mallard leads her ducklings after rescue, 1 July 2006 (photo by Starbuck Powersurge on Flickr, Creative Commons license)

p.s. Notice that she’s fanning her tail to show white feathers. Perhaps her ducklings cue on that signal.

(video by Woodside Homes Arizona on YouTube. photo by Starbuck Powersurge on Flickr, Creative Commons license

Chickadee Nests

Black-capped chickadee (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

Like eastern bluebirds and tree swallows, black-capped and Carolina chickadees are cavity nesters. They place their tiny nests inside woodpecker holes, birdhouses, or in cavities that they excavate on their own.

It takes a week or more for a chickadee pair to make their own nest hole so a suitable birdhouse is a great find for them. Do you have a birdhouse in your yard? Chickadees might have chosen it.

On Throw Back Thursday, here’s what to expect at the Chickadee Nest.

(photo from Wikimedia Commons; click on the caption to see the original)

A Day In A Minute with the Pitt Peregrines

Today the Pitt peregrine chicks are 16 days old, fluffy white and weighing 1 to 1.5 pounds depending on sex. Male peregrines are always lightweight (about 1 pound at this age). Female peregrines are the heavy ones. We can’t weigh them visually so we don’t know their sexes.

You can’t see it on camera yet but the chicks’ flight feathers have just begun to emerge. It will be another four days before we’ll see the dark edges of their coming feathers. By then they’ll also have feathered faces.

Like all babies, these two spend their days eating and sleeping. In this Day In A Minute from Tuesday May 7 they have a very active moment at the front of the nest around 6pm.

The older they get the more active they’ll be. Watch them on the National Aviary falconcam at Univ. of Pittsburgh.

(video from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)