Category Archives: Phenology

Sun Solstice, Sunbird

Male Regal Sunbird, native of central equatorial Africa (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

Today is the Summer Solstice, the day when the sun’s rays reach the furthest north and the sun shines its longest throughout the northern hemisphere.  Here in Pittsburgh we’ll have 15 hours and 4 minutes of sunlight.  For my friends in Finland, the sun will be above the horizon for 19 hours with bright twilight for the remaining five.  It’s a happy day in Finland.

Musings about the sun and thoughts about birds combined in my head into “sunbird.” 

Did you know there’s a family of birds called sunbirds, Nectariniidae, who live in Africa, southern Asia and northern Australia?  The one pictured here is a male Regal Sunbird, Nectarinia regia, native of central equatorial Africa. 

Sunbirds have a lifestyle similar to our hummingbirds because they feed primarily on nectar.  Though the two families are unrelated they’re an example of convergent evolution: their needs are so similar that they’re equipped with the same tools.

Like hummingbirds, sunbirds they have short wings and fly fast.  Some even hover, though most species perch as seen here.  They have long bills for collecting nectar but will also collect insects to feed their young.  The males are brilliantly colored, often in metallic hues.  And like our hummingbirds, sunbirds who live where it’s cold at night are capable of entering torpor. 

Except for his curved bill and long tail this sunbird looks a lot like a hummingbird.  Unlike our hummingbirds his equatorial range means he’ll never experience summer’s longest day. 

For more about summer and our longest day, see Chuck Tague’s blog.  For more about sunbirds, click here.

(photo of male Regal Sunbird from Wikimedia Commons)

June Blooms: Mountain Laurel

Mountain Laurel (photo by Vlmstra via GNU Free Licensing on WikiMedia)

Mountain Laurel, the State Flower of Pennsylvania, is blooming now in the Laurel Highlands east of Pittsburgh. 

As you can see from this photo it has a very fascinating flower.  Each flower has five sides with an additional ridge down the center of those sides.  This makes 10 ridges on the outside and 10 troughs on the inside when the flower opens.  Each trough has a dent that holds a stamen in trigger position.  The stamens lie in wait while the pink circle at the center of the flower beckons like a target.  (Click on the photo to see a close-up of the flower.)

When a bee walks on the flower petal, the stamen is released and powders the bee with pollen. 

Pretty ingenious, eh? 

For more information on mountain laurel, see Chuck Tague’s blog.

(front photo by Vlmstra from WikiMedia, close-up photo by Dianne Machesney)

June Blooms: Dame’s Rocket

Dame's Rocket (photo by Dianne Machesney)

Dame’s Rocket is blooming now along roadsides and trails in Pennsylvania.   A native of Eurasia it was brought to America in the 1600’s and went wild long ago.  It’s now considered invasive in many states including Pennsylvania, New Jersey, West Virginia and Maryland.

Dame’s Rocket is easy to find.  It’s seed production is prolific and it tends to grow in dense stands.  The flowers are showy and produce a particularly sweet scent in the evening. 

Though we shouldn’t plant it in our gardens it sure is beautiful.  I can see why the colonists brought it here.

(photo by Dianne Machesney)

Butterflies or What to look for in mid-to-Late June

Eastern Tiger Swallowtails, puddling (photo by Dianne Machesney)

“The world is so full of a number of things,
I’m sure we should all be as happy as kings.” – A Child’s Garden of Verses, Robert Louis Stevenson

That happy thought perfectly describes the month of June in western Pennsylvania when “children go to bed by day.”   Our days are long and warm, filled with flowers, birds, babies and butterflies.

Here’s a quick list of what to look for through the rest of June.  For even more, see Chuck Tague’s phenology.

  • The summer solstice – and our the longest day of the year – will occur at 1:45am on June 21.  Will you be awake for it?  Not me.
  • Babies are everywhere.  Fledgling birds, including juvenile peregrines, chase their parents for a handout. Young squirrels pursue momma hoping she wasn’t serious about weaning.
  • With June flowers come even more butterflies and moths.  I’m “Butterfly Challenged” but here’s one I can identify that I know you’ll see this month:  the Eastern Tiger Swallowtail.   Chuck has an excellent list of June butterflies in his phenology.
  • Enjoy birdsong in these last weeks of June.  In July the birds will begin to fall silent, species by species, as the purpose of their songs – territory and mate attraction – ends for the year.  The birds who raise more than one brood (robins and cardinals) will continue to sing, but others like the ovenbird will stop.
  • Watch for fledglings.  Listen for the begging calls of baby birds.  Sometimes you can locate a nest this way.
  • Watch out for mosquitoes and ticks.  Look for the fun bugs.  The dragonflies are here, even at Schenley Plaza.  Soon we’ll see fireflies.
  • Enjoy June wildflowers.  Visit a state park, forest or woodland bike trail near you.

Enjoy it now.  No need to wear a coat!

(photo by Dianne Machesney)

June Blooms: Yellow Clintonia

Yellow Clintonia along Laurel Highlands Hiking Trail (photo by Kate St. John)

Yellow Clintonia (Clintonia borealis) is blooming now in the mountains.  I found these beautiful flowers when I hiked the Laurel Highlands Hiking Trail last weekend. 

Clintonia is a member of the Lily family named for Dewitt Clinton, a naturalist and governor of New York.  Its fruit is a dark blue beadlike berry from which it acquired its third name:  Bluebead. 

(photo by Kate St. John – using my cell phone.  Click on this photo to see Chuck Tague’s close-up of the flower.)

June Blooms: Wild Yam

Wild Yam (photo by Dianne Machesney)Though the subject says “June Blooms” I’m starting this month’s flower series with a plant whose flowers are far less noticable that its leaves.

Wild Yam used to be my mystery plant.  In May I would see a single whorl of pleated, heart-shaped leaves floating above a stem.  (Imagine this plant with only the bottom whorl visible.)

What could it be?  My Newcomb’s wildflower guide requires a flower to key out the identity of a plant so I was stumped.

Eventually I noticed it had matured into a vine with insignificant flowers sprouting from the second whorl.  Newcomb’s said:  Wild Yam, Dioscorea villosa.

The root of this plant was used by early Americans to treat colic and it has other medicinal uses as well.

I like Wild Yam because it’s pretty.  I remember it because it was a mystery.

(photo by Dianne Machesney)

May Flowers: Glaucous Honeysuckle

Glaucous Honeysuckle (photo by Dianne Machesney)

Glaucous Honeysuckle is blooming now along the Butler-Freeport Trail near Sarver. 

The leaves of this plant are joined at the stem; the flowers sprout above the closed cup of the top leaves.  Glaucous means blue-gray or green and in botany refers to a waxy blue-gray coating.  Since I have never seen this honeysuckle, I’m not sure what part of the plant is glaucous.  Time for a field trip!

For directions and more information, see Chuck Tague’s blog on the outing that produced this picture.

(photo by Dianne Machesney) 

Beauty or What to Look for in Late May through Early June

Chestnut-sided Warbler, female (photo by Chuck Tague)Things have been happening so fast this week that I missed Chuck Tague’s phenology for late May through early June that he published on Monday.

Both Chuck and I have been so busy drinking in what Nature has to offer that we easily slipped past mid-May without telling you what to look for.

So here’s a hint of what you’ll see and hear in late May through early June… about ten days late.

  • Long days as we approach the summer solstice.  Today is 14 hours, 45 minutes long.  By June 15th we’ll have 15 hours and 3 minutes of daylight.
  • Nesting!  Everywhere birds are singing, courting, defending their territory, carrying nesting material, carrying food, feeding fledglings, warning of danger.  At this time of year Canada Warblers jump out of the bushes and yell at me when I hike in the Laurel Highlands.  Not to be missed!
  • Flowers – especially long-tubed flowers that feed hummingbirds and butterflies.
  • Fireflies, crickets and dragonflies.
  • Mosquitoes   🙁
  • Baby bunnies, baby birds, babies of all kinds.
  • and my personal favorite, fledgling peregrine falcons at the University of Pittsburgh.

Now is the best time to observe Nature and, frankly, I’d much rather be outdoors than at my computer.  So I’m going out to enjoy it!

(photo of a female chestnut-sided warbler by Chuck Tague)

May Flowers: May Apple

May Apple (photo by Dianne Machesney)

The green umbrellas you see in the woods right now are May Apples.  They only produce a flower on the plants with a double umbrella.  The flowers sprout at the “Y” where the umbrellas join and hide beneath them, bowing their heads toward the ground.

The flowers appear in May, then the seed pods form in their place looking like a green “apple.”  Hence the May Apple name.

Take a peek under the umbrellas and you’ll see them blooming now in western Pennsylvania. 

(photo by Dianne Machesney)