Rain Gauge Rally!

Rain gauge holding three types of precipitation (photo from Marianne Atkinson, Dubois PA)

23 March 2025

Whether it rains or snows, sleets or hails, after the event the National Weather Service can tell you how much precipitation fell in your neighborhood.

For example, after Hurricane Sandy plowed through Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, New Jersey and Pennsylvania in late October 2012, the National Weather Service (NWS) published this Actual Rainfall map showing a maximum of 12.83″ at Bellevue, Maryland and about 3″ in Pittsburgh.

Map of actual rainfall during Hurricane Sandy, Oct 2012 (map from National Weather Service)

NWS can do this thanks to radar estimates from airports which are later updated by actual rain gauge readings from official weather stations and from volunteers across the country. The volunteers are members of the Community Collaborative Rain Hail and Snow network or CoCoRaHS.

This month CoCoRaHS is holding their annual Rain Gauge Rally in which each state competes to add new volunteers to the network. As of 11 March the network in Pennsylvania looks likes this. Notice it is heavily populated in some areas but sparse elsewhere. Volunteers needed!

CoCoRaHS network in PA as of 11 March 2025

My friend Marianne from DuBois PA joined in 2023 and is encouraging others to join the network this month. She writes:

I have been a CoCoRaHS volunteer since July 2023. This is citizen science that is easy and fun! It is cool that I am able to contribute data to many weather organizations with one daily reading. Even a daily gauge reading of 0 is important, which could indicate drought conditions. Volunteers report their daily observations on the interactive Website or using the CoCoRaHS mobile App. The picture is my rain gauge on Feb. 6, 2025 that has one inch of snow, sleet and freezing rain combined!

— email from Marianne in March 2025

It’s easy to join! Click here and they walk you through the sign-up.

Still curious? This 6-minute YouTube video describes CoCoRaHS and this month’s Rain Gauge Rally. If you want to join, don’t delay. Get in on the Rain Gauge March Madness!

p.s. CoCoRaHS is free to join but you will need a 4” manual rain gauge (or the NWS 8- inch gauge). If you don’t have one, here’s where to get one at weatheryourway.com. (This screenshot does not show the entire page.)

CoCoRaHS rain gauges: 4 of the 22 products on offer (screenshot from weatheryourway.com)

Seen This Week: Sycamore Snow

American sycamore seed ball disintegrating at the end of winter (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

22 March 2025

As the weather warmed this month American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) seed balls disintegrated to disperse their wind-driven seeds.

On 16 March it was very windy when I visited Herr’s Island back channel. Sycamore achenes (seed packets) blew by me in the wind and piled up in the cracks like snow drifts.

A single American sycamore seed, 16 March 2025 (photo by Kate St. John)

Sycamore snow.

Many sycamore seeds gathering like snow drifts, Herr’s Island, 16 March 2025 (photo by Kate St. John)

They had come from seed balls like these that had waited all winter for spring heat to make them stretch and burst.

Sycamore seed balls hanging like ornaments, 3 March 2018 (photo by Kate St.John)
Sycamore seed balls hanging like ornaments, 3 March 2018 (photo by Kate St.John)

Not only do they disperse on the wind but the fluff-tops have a second mode of transportation. They float.

Sycamore seeds swirling in the Allegheny River in Herr’s Island back channel, 16 March 2025 (video by Kate St. John)

Water carries them to their favorite habitats.

American sycamore is found most commonly in bottomland or floodplain areas, thriving in the wet environments provided by rivers, streams, or abundant groundwater.

Wikipedia American sycamore account

You’ll be able to identify American sycamores easily before leaf out. Look for the white upper trunks of large trees along stream and river banks.

Sycamores on the banks of Raccoon Creek, Beaver County, PA, 28 Feb 2018 (photo by Kate St.John)
Sycamores on the banks of Raccoon Creek, Beaver County, PA, 28 Feb 2018 (photo by Kate St.John)

3rd Peregrine Egg This Morning, Incubation Begins

Carla with 3 eggs, 21 March 2025 2:07am (photo from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

21 March 2025

UPDATE: I WAS WRONG! Carla laid her 3rd egg much earlier than I originally thought. It was before 2:07am on 21 March 2025.

I had expected Carla to lay her third egg last evening but it took a longer than expected. As early as 8pm she looked like she was ready to lay it (below), but it did not happen until this morning at 2:07 am (above).

Carla looks ready to lay another egg, 20 March 2025, 8pm (photo from the National Aviary snapshot camera at Univ of Pittsburgh)

At 5:40am I saw Carla corral the clutch, bob her body to expose her brood patch, and lay down with her back feathers standing up a bit, as shown in the video below. It looks to me like she’s begun incubation. (You can hear Ecco whining in the background.)

video from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh, 21 March 2025, 5:43am

Hatch Day should be 33-35 days from now –> 23 to 25 April. In the meantime we’ll be watching The Big Sit on the falconcam for more than a month.

As I said earlier, there’s always a possibility that I’ve missed something and miscalculated the dates … and sure enough I’ve already had to make a correction.

p.s. Here’s a better look at the 3 eggs with Ecco standing next to them.

Ecco with 3 eggs, 21 March 2025, 7:07am (photo from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

Owlet Flying + Peregrines Not Incubating Yet

Schenley Park great horned owlet, 19 March 2025 (photo by Kate St. John)

20 March 2025

Schenley Owlet flying

The Schenley Park owlet, who spent two weeks in rehab at Tamarack and came home on 11 March, has been making fast progress. Many have seen her roosting in trees this week and assume she must have flown to get there, but we never see it. She only moves in the dark. Fortunately, Dana Nesiti captured a video of her in flight before sunrise on Tuesday. He slowed down the video so you can see her.

video embedded from Dana Nesiti, Canonusr on YouTube)

And click here for Dana’s 10 minute video of her chilling in Schenley Park.

Pitt peregrines not incubating yet

Carla laid two eggs at the Cathedral of Learning peregrine nest on 16 and 18 March and a third egg is due this evening.

However, we’ve seen both parents cover the eggs and we know incubation begins when the next to last egg is laid. Are they incubating? Is Carla going to lay only 3 eggs?

As of this morning, 20 March, we have nighttime evidence that the peregrines are not incubating yet. Both were off the eggs the majority of the time last night as seen in this time lapse video.

Nighttime timelapse at Pitt peregrine nest, 19 March 7pm to 20 March 2025 7am ()

When peregrines are truly incubating they open the feathers that cover their brood patches before laying down to place their skin on the eggs. If they don’t, those feathers keep the eggs from reaching incubation temperature.

On the falconcam it is impossible to see if their skin is touching eggs but we can tell if they are opening the feathers. Watch for them to bob their bodies before they lay down. Ecco does this in a more exaggerated way than Carla.

Speaking of Ecco, did you notice that he relieved Carla around 3am? The literature says that the female incubates all night, but not last night. Peregrines can always surprise us.

Carla Laid Her 2nd Egg This Afternoon

Carla reveals two eggs. We can see her bands. 18 March 2025, 3:24pm (photo from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

18 March 2025

This afternoon Carla got into position at the Cathedral of Learning to lay her second egg of the 2025 season. In the slideshow you see her standing upright with her tail down. After the egg is laid she tips up so her tail feathers don’t drag on the wet egg.

(photos from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

Ten minutes later the egg had dried and she was ready arrange them underneath her and go to sleep. This gave us a chance to see both eggs at once.

Carla reveals both eggs, 18 March 2025, 15:24 (photo from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

I expect her to lay four eggs as she did last year. The time between these first two eggs is a little shorter than the same eggs last year. I wonder if this quicker trend will continue.

Watch the Pitt peregrines on the National Aviary falconcam at the Cathedral of Learning.

East Liberty Peregrine News

Peregrine at East Liberty Presbyterian steeple, 18 March 2025 (photo by Adam Knoerzer)

18 March 2025

The peregrines at East Liberty Presbyterian Church steeple are very active as they prepare to nest.

A week ago on 11 March Jeff Cieslak stopped by and found both birds at home.

Both peregrines at East Liberty Presby steeple, 11 March 2025 (photo by Jeff Cieslak)

He caught one in the act of landing on its favorite floodlight.

Peregrine about to land on East Liberty Presby steeple, 11 March 2025 (photo by Jeff Cieslak)

And Jeff saw them doing a lot of flying. Adam Knoerzer found out why.

Peregrine flying in East Liberty, 11 March 2025 (photo by Jeff Cieslak)

The pair was vigilant on 11 March because a third peregrine showed up and took an interest in their territory. Adam captured a video of the encounter as the pair flew around chirping and drove the intruder toward Morningside/Stanton Heights and the Allegheny River. Turn up the volume to heard their territorial sound. The chirp sounds “happy” but it is not!

video by Adam Knoerzer, 11 March 2025

Yesterday, 18 March, Adam saw the male flying a lot and both of them perched in their favorite spots.

Both peregrines at East Liberty Presbyterian steeple, 18 March 2025 (photo by Adam Knoerzer)

The female wanted to mate again.

Female peregrine at East Liberty Presby steeple, 18 March 2025 (photo by Adam Knoerzer)

After they mated, the male stopped by the nest.

Don’t let the sticks fool you. Peregrines don’t use sticks but the ledge is sloped and this old red-tailed hawk nest prevents the eggs from rolling off the building. Last year they fledged one youngster from this nest.

Male peregrine at East Liberty Presby nest, 18 March 2025 (photo by Adam Knoerzer)

Stop by East Liberty to check out the action. With all this mating, eggs are surely on the way

p.s. Brief Update from Downtown Pittsburgh, Third Avenue

On 11 March I viewed Downtown’s Third Avenue nest using my scope from Mt Washington and saw one peregrine dig the scrape and wait on the ledge.

Peregrine on the nest ledge at Third Ave as seen from Mt. Washington, 11 March 2025 (digiscoped by Kate St. John)

St. Patrick’s Lucky Shamrock is Harder to Find

Four leaf clover among a patch of Trifolium repens (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

17 March 2025

Happy St. Patrick’s Day!

St. Patrick’s and Ireland’s shamrock symbol is a leaf cluster of either lesser clover or white clover. We don’t see much lesser clover (Trifolium dubium) in the U.S. but we used to have lots of white clover. When I was a child our lawns were a mixture of grass and white clover (Trifolium repens).

House sparrow on a lawn of grass and white clover (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

The mixture worked well because clover sets nitrogen in its roots and naturally fertilizes the grass. As kids we used to search for lucky 4-leaf clovers in the yard.

Three 4-leaf clovers (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

But times changed. People didn’t want weeds in the lawn and the easiest way to remove them was to spread weed killer that targeted broadleaf plants. Clover is a broadleaf so it died and fertilizer had to be added to the chemical mix.

These neighboring lawns in New Jersey show both types of lawn treatments. At top is a chemically treated lawn without broadleaf plants. At bottom is an old fashioned grass-and-clover mix. If you can’t see the dividing line, click on the photo to see the divide.

Neighboring lawns in New Jersey: herbicide vs clover (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

Chances are you’ll have to search for lucky 4-leaf clovers in a photo instead of on the lawn. How many are in this photo? (Click on it to see a larger version.)

How many 4-leaf clovers in this patch? (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

p.s. False Shamrock: The “shamrock” plant often sold around St. Patrick’s Day is not related to clover. “False shamrock” or “purple shamrock” (Oxalis triangularis) is native to Brazil.

False or purple shamrock, Oxalis triangularis (photo from Wikimedia Commons)

First Peregrine Egg at Pitt, 2025

Carla with her first egg of the year, 16 March 2025 just after 2pm (photo from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

16 March 2025

Today at 1:17pm Carla laid her first egg of the year at Pitt’s Cathedral of Learning peregrine nest. The Pittsburgh area and large swaths of western PA and neighboring states were under a Tornado Watch at the time.

The first heavy downpour and lightning had passed when Carla arrived at the nest at 12:30pm but it was still raining and the wind was gusting to 48 mph. She took one last look at 12:53pm before hunkering down at the scrape.

Carla watches the storm just before laying her first egg, 16 March 2025, 12:53pm photo from the National Aviary snapshot camera at Univ of Pittsburgh)

At 1:22pm she revealed the egg.

First glimpse of Carla’s first egg of 2025, 16 March 1:22pm

Carla will lay her next egg in about two days so watch for it on the National Aviary falconcam at the Cathedral of Learning.

Here is the video clip of Carla laying her first egg of 2025. You can hear wind on the microphone and a distant rally in the park across the street.

Carla lays her first egg of 2025, 16 March, 1:17pm

Last Night at the Pitt Peregrine Nest

Carla at the nest at night, 15 March 2025 11:28pm (photo from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

16 March 2025

When a female peregrine is getting ready to lay eggs she spends the night at the nest ledge. As egg laying becomes imminent she doesn’t have far to go to crouch over the scrape.

Last night Carla spent five hours at the nest and, from the start Ecco encouraged her to do so.

This Day-in-a-Minute timelapse video shows nest activity from 10:30 on Saturday night through 7:00am Sunday morning, 15-16 March, as follows:

  • 15 March 2025: The nest is empty from sunset until 10:30pm, not shown in the video.
  • When Ecco arrives he pops in and out so fast that you might not realize it’s him. Carla arrives soon after.
  • Carla stands on the gravel or the green perch for most of the night; she leaves at 4:40am.
  • A few minutes later Ecco arrives, checks the scrape and spends a while on the green perch.
  • Ecco leaves near dawn.
(Timelapse video from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

The real time video clip below shows the most interesting segments. With audio on you can hear Carla calling before she leaves the nest, perhaps wailing to Ecco for a snack. After a short gap with no peregrines, Ecco comes to the nest.

(Real time video clip from the National Aviary falconcam at Univ of Pittsburgh)

Fingers crossed we’ll see the first egg this week. Watch for it at the National Aviary falconcam at the University of Pittsburgh’s Cathedral of Learning.

p.s. Nighttime activity is not unusual among peregrines. Fifteen years ago Louie was famous for it at the Gulf Tower. See Remembering Louie: 2002-2019

Seen This Week: Owlet, Planets, and Incipient Spring

Great horned owlet in a tree in Schenley Park on 14 March 2025 (photo by Dana Nesiti)

15 March 2025

The great horned owlet that fell from its nest in Schenley Park and was returned on 11 March was relatively easy to find on Wednesday, posed like a statue on a sloping tree branch (below).

Great horned owlet on a branch, Schenley Park, 12 March 2025 (digiscoped by Kate St. John)

The owlet spent Thursday well camouflaged on an inaccessible-to-humans cliff ledge. On Friday she was in a tree, see photograph at top. Juvenile owls use their claws to climb trees. (Note: in case you hear people calling her Muppet, Tamarack gave her that nickname.)

Mercury and Venus

After sunset on 9 March I noticed a bright planet in the west with a divot out of the top of it like a phase of the moon. It was Venus about to set. How did I live this long without knowing that Venus has phases?

Phases of Venus (diagram from Wikimedia Commons)

When I digiscoped Venus I saw a shadowy planet next to it. Mercury was also about to set, pinkish and to the left of Venus whose brightness plays havoc with my optics.

Mercury and Venus with a divot off the top, 9 March 2025 (digiscoped by Kate St. John)

Here’s a view that shows Venus a bit better.

Mercury and Venus, 9 March 2025 (digiscoped by Kate St. John)
Incipient Spring flowers and leaves

Incipient is a good word to describe spring flower and leaf status this week. As of Thursday 13 March spring was “in an initial stage; beginning to happen or develop.”

Common whitlowgrass blooming in Aspinwall, 11 March 2025 (photo by Kate St. John)

Common whitlowgrass (Draba verna), a member of the cabbage family, blooms very early. It is native to Europe, western Asia and North Africa and is now spread around the world.

Honeysuckle leaves were just beginning to open on Thursday.

Incipient honeysuckle leaves in Greenfield, 13 March 2025 (photo by Kate St. John)

And the Cornelian cherry tree near Panther Hollow Lake had a single tiny flower open in the bud.

Incipient Cornelian cherry flowers, Schenley Park, 13 March 2025 (photo by Kate St. John)

All of these plants are from other continents and they start blooming sooner than our native plants.

After yesterday’s very warm weather everything else will speed up.